Category: Business and Economy

  • UBA’s GMD, Kennedy Uzoka Honoured with Prestigious Zik Leadership Award,

    UBA’s GMD, Kennedy Uzoka Honoured with Prestigious Zik Leadership Award,

    The Group Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer, United Bank for Africa (UBA) Plc, Kennedy Uzoka, was on Sunday night presented with The Zik Prize for Professional Leadership. The award was presented by the Secretary to the Government of the Federation (SGF), Boss Mustapha, under the chairmanship of Nobel Laureate, Professor Wole Soyinka at a glamorous event held at the Civic Centre in Lagos, and organised by Public Policy Research and Analysis Centre(PPRAC)

    Uzoka was announced as the winner of the much-coveted award alongside the Executive Vice Chairman/Chief Executive Officer at the Nigerian Communications Commission, Prof Umar Danbatta.

    As he applauded the efforts of the organisers, Kennedy Uzoka said, “The Late Nnamdi Azikiwe is someone to whom I accord great respect; he is an iconic African statesman (Zik of Africa as he is fondly called). I am proud to be receiving an award that was first conferred on the late premier 25 years ago. I dedicate this award to the staff of the UBA Group in all our 23 countries of operations. They really are the best”.

    Kennedy Uzoka received the award after a thorough, careful and rigorous selection process. His name was announced by Members of the Advisory Board, PPRAC, Professor Pat Utomi, and Executive secretary, Emeka Obasi, who stated that Uzoka was selected as a result of his outstanding contributions to the development and growth of the Banking and Financial Services Industry and also for an unblemished record of service as a banker of international repute.

    Apart from Uzoka and Danbatta, other winners in various categories of public service, good governance, business, and professional leadership include Senate President Ahmed Lawan; Borno Governor, Professor Babagana Umara Zulum; Delta State Governor, Ifeanyi Okowa; Oyo State Governor, Seyi Makinde; SGF, Boss Mustapha; Dr. Stella Okoli amongst others.

    As it celebrates the silver jubilee anniversary of the Zik prize in leadership awards, the PPRAC, organisers of the award, reminisced that in the last 25 years, some other notable leaders have been recipients of the prize including: The former President of Ghana, Jerry Rawlings; former President of Tanzania, Nwalimu Julius Nyerere; former President of Kenya; Dr. Salim Ahmed Salim; former President of Namibia, Sam Nujoma; former President of South Africa, Dr. Nelson Mandela; Former President John Agyekum Kufuor of Ghana, and President Yoweri Museveni of Uganda.

    Other past winners include the former Senate President David Mark; former Defence Minister, Alhaji Yayale Ahmed; founder, First City Merchant Bank, Otunba Subomi Balogun; former President of Liberia, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf; former Permanent Secretary, Alhaji Ahmed Joda and the Nigerian Central Bank Governor, Mr Godwin Emefiele.

    The Zik Leadership awards is organised by the Public Policy Research and Analysis Centre (PPRAC) and was instituted 25 years ago, in 1995, in honour of the first President of Nigeria, Late Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, primarily to encourage and nurture leadership on the African Continent and in the Diaspora.

  • Fake News: No Ransom paid to release kidnapped Chinese Worker, Says China Chamber

    Fake News: No Ransom paid to release kidnapped Chinese Worker, Says China Chamber

    The China General Chamber of Commerce in Nigeria has debunked some media reports that a huge sum of money was paid by a Chinese construction company operating in Nigeria to secure the release of a kidnapped Chinese construction worker who was released recently by his adopters in Ekiti state.

    A release made available to the press expressed displeasure over the public dissemination and circulation of such unverified misinformation which it observed amounts to an “acquiescence towards such felony” capable of “posing severe potential security risks towards the Chinese business community and rendering grave threat towards every single diligent Chinese expatriate and other foreign nationals living in Nigeria”.  

    It further noted that such unverified and sensational report is capable of tarnishing the reputation of Nigeria business environment, causing great panic and hesitation among potential foreign investors.

    “The Chinese General Chamber of Commerce hereby calls for serious attention from our media friends towards this issue and has full confidence that it would be addressed appropriately. The Chamber and all Chinese enterprises in Nigeria remain committed to building Nigeria and sharing future with Nigeria. At the same time , it is devoted in maintaining cordial and ever- lasting relations with Nigeria media”. the statement read

  • Naira Abysmal Appreciation

    Naira Abysmal Appreciation

    By Adefolarin A. Olamilekan

    These are not the good times for the Nigerian Naira currency. The Nigerian economy, its Central Bank, the custodian of its monetary policy, which many of her citizens expects to engineer sound monetary policy that would have safeguard the none further devaluation of the naira is at this point helpless and worried.

    However, the blame should not be place at the door step of the CBN or the current managers has the problems with the naira goes beyond them and particular beyond the Nigerian state and Africa as well. It is important to approach this discussion from both a process and content perspectives, it is only by so doing that one can begun to unravel the intricacies of the entire range of issues involved and their interconnectedness.

    But first a general observation is required from an historical perspectives on Africa economy and it currency problems.

    The internationalization of Africa economy spell from the history of the “colonial economy that essentially serves as the stimulation of extensive primary produce given by deliberate capital allocation and enabling infrastructure like railways and other rural road network, linking to sea port for onward transfer to the metropolitan markets of the colonial masters. This pattern of economic activities did not create the secondary sectors of industrial process”. Thus, we can fathom from a logical conclusion that, the systemic and systematic plight of colonial Africa economy abused by its colonial master nurture in conjuncture with representatives of international monopoly capital is the root cause of the region currency woes.

    No doubt, the majority of Africa’s estimated 800milion people and still counting are disillusioned and desperate. The region is not just on the bottom rung of human development indicators. African has become a metaphor for disease, poverty, unemployment, corruption, bad governance, political instability and faces the greatest human displace. Moreso, it economy is worse for it with of de-industrialization, technology and skills deficit and poor productive capacity.

    Consequently, Africa does not have a say to how much it could sell what it produce especially, raw materials that it feed the entire world from agricultural produce, to solid minerals. Africa is handicap in this regards, with no value from investment impact, but place on aids as palliatives.

    From the above premise, let now take our analyses back home to Nigeria. Just like other African countries that were colonized, Nigeria experience colonialism in the form that it economy was just an appendage to her colonial master the British and other developed Western and North American nations.

    To this end we must clarify at this point that to grasp the challenges before us, and the further abysmal devaluation of the naira and the helplessness of the CBN is to acknowledge that ;first the Nigerian state was once a colonial and then a neo-colonial and non autonomous capitalist state after independence. And it is controlled by a fraction of non productive coalition of elites. Secondly, the Nigerian economy is capitalist, neo-capitalist, underdevelopment and dependent in nature, function and processes. Lastly, the Nigerian economy is mono-cultural and suffers from bad economic policies and practices that have no bearing set of pragmatic economic policies; rather it is set in motion of parasitic, import driven and sabotage economics principles.

    With all these, the Nigerian economy just like other colonized African nations accommodated the influences and activities of global capital and it agencies such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, World Trade Organization (WTO), Multinational Corporation, giants Transnational Corporation. There entrenchment into all sectors of the Nigerian economy as well as the budget management processes fiscal and monetary policies.

    Subsequently, the facts of the matter is that all mainstream political parties in Nigeria today even some radical sounding formation endorse the neoliberal capitalist economic philosophy, making it more acceptable and difficult to challenge the pervert situation for alternatives. Moreso, it enjoyed support of pro-devaluation pundit alongside erudite neoliberal economist and eminent financial market guru.

    All the foregoing can be further appreciated within the trending Nigerian political economy contending forces. A situation, were we are lock-horn in between the larger determining context of the global capitalist economy. However, Nigeria economy and Africa as a whole are part and parcel of the region of the world that had been colonise by imperialist and formally incorporated into and remained an integral component of the neo-imperialist capitalist world.

    Given from the analysis above, it obvious that the Nigeria state is predominantly, entrenched in neo-liberal economic framework practices since independence and till date, that is hinges on the gradual marginal approach to economic development. An economic framework, that, rely on traditional economy tools of fiscal and monetary policies, with too much emphasize on growth. This invariably has put doubt on solving the economy woes or even put a stop to the abysmal and further devaluation of naira. Thus, a reliance on market forces is dangerous pills to our macroeconomic and microeconomics fundamentals, as an import dependent economy. A lucidity departure shows Nigeria has suffers enough do to deindustrialization and import dependency. In addition is the compelling silent of many economists in Nigeria and Africa at large, shying away from critical theory and heterodox thought, but rather concentrating instead on pure technical matters to make the status quo more efficient in narrow technical sense, that orthodox classical neoliberal economics of IMF, World Bank, WTO and the rest of capitalist institution approved. 

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  • Senate Screens Consumer Protection Tribunal Nominees

    Senate Screens Consumer Protection Tribunal Nominees


    By Iyke Obi Durumba

    The Senate has screened and approved the appointment of the Chairman and members of the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Tribunal on Thursday.

    The screening which was done by the Senate Committee on Trade and Investment applauded the Chairman-nominee Hajia Saratu Mamman-Shafi for her pedigree in CAC and expressed confidence in her abilities to steer the Tribunal from infancy.

    The Committee Chairman Senator Adenigba Fadahunsi (Osun East) enquired into the plans of nominees especially as the Tribunal was at its inception with the nominees representing the first ever members. He also expressed hope that the Tribunal will facilitate the settlement of disputes between consumers and products and service providers.

    Led to the Senate by the Senior Special Assistant to President Buhari on National Assembly (Senate), Sen. Jide Omoworare, other members of the FCCPT are George Chukwuma Mbonu, Sola Salako Ajulo, Thomas Okosun, Kenneth Kesu Gyado, Umar Dauda Duhu and El Yakubu.

    In his remarks, Sen. Elisha Abbo noted the Tribunal Chairman’s efforts at stabilizing the CAC after the exit of the previous Registrar whom he accused of financial impropriety.

    Also present at the screening were Senators Uche Ekwunife (Anambra Central), Elisha Abbo (Adamawa North), Tolu Odebiyi (Ogun West) and Uba Sani (Kaduna Central).

    The FCCP Act enacted in 2019 seeks to develop and promote fair, efficient and competitive markets in the Nigerian economy, facilitate access by all citizens to safe products and secure the protection of rights for all consumers in Nigeria.

    Section 39 of the FCCP Act introduces and establishes the Competition and Consumer Protection Tribunal to handle any issues that arise from the application of the Act and try violations. The Tribunal is also empowered to hear appeals and review decisions of the Commission taken in the course of implementing any of the provisions of the FCCP Act

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  • Man disrupts  FG’s road project in Itu, Akwa Ibom State

    Man disrupts FG’s road project in Itu, Akwa Ibom State

    Construction giant, Julius Berger is having a herculean time carrying on with its road project in Itu-Odukpani-Calabar road as one Bernard Okon Ekpenyong has employed fetish means to disrupt the road project.

    The activities of the Mr. Ekpenyong was confirmed by the Federal Controller of Works in Uyo, Engr. N.  Ukpong who has reportedly been threatening the contractor on account of what has been described as, “bogus compensation and damage claims”

    He is claiming a compensation of  N200 million from the Federal government or else Julius Berger cannot continue with the project.

    Ekpenyong, according to investigation has employed the services of youths of Nkim Itam to carry out his violent disruption of work and has also openly planted fetish material on Julius Berger equipment on site thereby preventing the contractor’s equipment and personnel on site from further work and progress on the project.

    The Federal Controller of Works in Akwa Ibom State in his reaction however has said that  Mr  Ekpenyong has no justifiable reason or basis for his action which he described as counter-productive and against the overall interest of the various communities affected by the road project.

    According to him the action of Mr Ekpenyong, “is a self-imposed mischief against the Federal Government and a deliberate blackmail against the contractor” He noted that claims by Ekpenyong, that the ongoing project had flooded his petrol filling station in Nkim Itam as a result of a blockade by Juluis Berger is not tenable because the action was deliberate done by the complainant himself to blackmail the company.

    Daybreak investigation discovered that Ekpenyong was advised against creating the blockade to avoid possible flood but refused to listen to wise counsel only to turn around after the flood to start making unnecessary and unwarranted demand in spite of causing damage to part of the project site.

    Sources told Daybreak that in May 2020, the project contractor, Julius Berger Nigeria Plc, wrote and drew the attention of the works sector of the Federal Ministry of Works Field Headquarters in Uyo to the channeling of huge surface runoff water from a nearby automobile assembly company to the drain.

    In the letter addressed to the Office of the Federal Controller of Works, Julius Berger duly drew the attention of the Ministry to the poor and potentially consequential surface water channeling activities of the automobile company and called for the intervention of the Ministry to get the automobile company to “directly guide its huge runoff water to the valley behind the automobile company’s premises.

    A dependable source at the Federal Ministry of Works Field Office in Uyo confirmed receipt of Julius Berger’s letter, adding that the Ministry promptly took action with the Federal Controller of Works paying an unscheduled visit to the automobile company on the issue and directed for the needful to be done, but the company failed to act accordingly.

    However Ekpenyong, after being fully informed by the Federal Controller of Works in Uyo, and also being aware of the approvals received from Abuja, insisted that he had to be paid first before the new and enlarged drainage construction works could proceed through the entrance to his low-lying petrol filling station at Nkim Itam.

    All entreaties by the Federal Controller of Works in Uyo, Engr. N. Ukpong, for Ekpengyong to let the work proceed across the entrance to his low-lying filling station even while the already approved compensation payment was being processed, fell on deaf ears. Instead, Ekpengyong went ahead and blocked access to the project site as well as stopped the works intended to prevent the reasonably anticipated flooding from progressing immediately before his filling station.

    Unfortunately, our source said, the rains came and together with the still uncontrolled huge runoff surface water from the automobile company earlier complained of by Julius Berger, the combined flood as rightly predicted, overwhelmed the size and capacity of the installed drain, and thereby overflowed the trapezoidal drain, whose enlargement and replacement by the Ministry was earlier resisted and stopped by Ekengyong and his allies.

    Ministry source further said, that the initial designed drainage system did not envisage the huge runoff surface water channelled by the automobile company, saying; “It is after the fact of the avoidable flooding which both the Federal Ministry of Works and Julius Berger took every reasonable, technical and administrative steps to prevent, and which Ekpenyong willfully violently resisted and frustrated, that Ekpenyong is now misleading unsuspecting members of Nkim Itam community to aggressively impound the contractor’s plant and equipment, and consequently ground the ongoing Itu-Odukpani project works”.

    The source at the Federal Ministry of Works had properly contacted and informed the Nkim Itam community about the approved new drainage design as well as of the approval of compensation to be paid to those who would be affected (including Ekpenyong). However, once Julius Berger mobilised and started implementing the new approved drainage design and progressed to Ekpenyong’s Petrol Filling Station, he stopped the works and insisted to be paid first before the works could progress.

    The source at the Ministry further said; “All entreaties by the Ministry for Ekpenyong to let the works progress before the advent of the rain considering its real potential for flooding issues fell on deaf ears. Every attempt to convince Ekpenyong that payment would be made to him and others even as the construction would be progressing was equally rebuffed. That was how Ekpenyong obstructed the flood prevention works until the rains came and worsened the water discharge from the nearby auto assembly company to cause the flooding problem for which Ekpenyong is now seeking a damage claim of almost N200m from the FG, and for which Ekpenyong has now taken the law into his hands by imposing his “traditional injunctions” to seize the contractor’s equipment and stop the progress of the works.”

    The Ministry of Works sources further said; “It would also interest the public to know that Ekpenyong and other community members located within the scope of the approved new drainage design have since been paid the compensation approved for the new drainage design which Ekpenyong and his cohorts are now obstructing and for which wilful and unlawful obstruction occasioned the flooding he is complaining about”.

    Forefront enquiries from legal angles and experts indicate that Ekpenyong’s claims as well as his self-help to project obstruction actions are not illegal but baseless.

    One of the legal practitioners, who said that he is only talking to Forefront as a friend and not a consultant thus not want his name in print, said; “The law forbids a person from harvesting proceeds from his own mischief. In law, we say ‘volenti non fit injuria’, meaning that he who consents to an injury cannot plead injury after the fact of such an injury”.

    He continued; “The man Ekpenyong seems to have volunteered the flood on himself when, after the Federal Ministry of Works warned about the danger of obstructing construction work to prevent the potential of flooding, still wilfully obstructed the implementation of the flood prevention design and works by the Federal Government and prevented the contractor from executing the necessary works. “It becomes even more complicated for him that he still went ahead to collect the compensation paid by the Federal Government for the work he obstructed and continues to obstruct”.

    Another lawyer who spoke on phone said; “If Mr Ekpenyong collected the compensation payment for the said new drainage design after his earlier obstruction of the construction of the drainage enabled the flood, he is allowing himself to approbate and reprobate at the same time. The law does not permit him such presumptuous unreasonableness

    “How can one man allow himself to so assume that he is a law unto himself to become an obstruction against a government project that seeks to benefit several communities?”

    Ekpenyong, the lawyer said should be prevailed upon by relevant agencies of government to restrain himself from his presumptuousness and consequential unlawful acts of project obstruction, and he should decently remove his fetish materials from Julius Berger’s equipment and allow the project to make progress.

    Going by careful analysis of the issue at hand, it is clear that both the Federal Government through the Federal Ministry of Works and the Contractor clearly took every peaceful, lawful and necessary steps to prevent the occurrence of the flood being complained about by Ekpenyong. This is just as it also clear that Ekpenyong took every unreasonable, wrong and unlawful steps to enable the occurrence of the fore warned flood.

    Ekpenyong’s continuing trespass upon Julius Berger’s equipment is a clear case of wilful impunity and gangsterim which needs to be promptly addressed in the overall interest of the project and the communities

    Further checks however showed that some members of the Nkim Itam community and other citizens of Akwa Ibom State are planning to hit back at Ekpenyong and his allies for breach of the peace necessary to continue the implementation of the project expected to benefit the various communities but being obstructed and hindered by Ekpenyong and his restive gang.

    Meanwhile, the project coordinator in Uyo, Mrs. Ukochio Ndifreke, has continued to toe the path of dialogue and peace by appealing to Ekpenyong to remove “native charms” off Julius Berger’s equipment to let the Itu-Odukpani-Calabar road work progress unhindered

  • WTO: Okonjo-Iweala’s South Korean Rival, Yoo Myung-hee, Withdraws From DG Race

    WTO: Okonjo-Iweala’s South Korean Rival, Yoo Myung-hee, Withdraws From DG Race

    South Korea appears to have decided to withdraw its candidate from the race for the World Trade Organisation Director-General, paving the way for Nigeria’s candidate, Dr Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, to be confirmed as the head of the global trade body.

    Yoo Myung-hee is South Korea’s Trade Minister and its candidate for the top job at the WTO following the resignation of Roberto Azevedo.

    Okonjo-Iweala had secured the popular vote by a wide margin on October 28 but was not named DG because the United States opposed her candidacy.

    The two women are the last candidates standing and the eventual winner will set a record as being the first female WTO DG.

    According to Washington Trade Daily, people familiar with the development said South Korea will announce its decision to withdraw Myung-hee in the coming days to enable the WTO’s General Council to appoint Okonjo-Iweala.

    The Washington-based news medium further stated that South Korea had already conveyed its decision to the United States, which had been insisting on the selection of Myung-hee.

    Part of the reason for the position adopted by the United States against Okonjo-Iweala is that she is perceived to be close to the Democratic Party, according to the WTD.

    The WTO had scheduled a General Council meeting for November 9, which was postponed after the Geneva Canton imposed new restrictions on meetings in the face of the sudden surge in COVID-19 cases.

    Most of the WTO meetings are largely being held virtually through Internet platforms.

    In order to take decisions by the General Council, a quorum of 82 members must be present at the meeting.

    A General Council meeting has been scheduled to take place on December 17 but it is not clear whether the meeting can take place if the current restrictions continue next month.

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  • FG to slash levy on imported cars from 35% to 5%

    FG to slash levy on imported cars from 35% to 5%

    There are indications that the  federal government is working towards slashing  levy  on imported cars from 35 percent to five percent.

    This is contained in the draft bill of the 2020 finance bill to be presented to the national assembly.

    The bill becomes law after it is passed by the legislature and assented by President Muhammadu Buhari.

    Details of the bill  shows that the import duty of tractors and motor vehicles for the transportation of goods has been slashed from 35 percent to 10 percent.

    The bill also grants tax relief to companies that donated to the COVID-19 relief fund under the private sector-led Coalition against COVID-19 (CACOVID).

    To improve ease of doing business, the bill also proposes that software acquisition now qualifies as capital expenditure.

    Zainab Ahmed, the minister of finance, budget, and national planning, had previously explained that the reduction in import duties and levies is targeted at reducing the cost of transportation.

     “The reason for us is to reduce the cost of transportation which is a major driver of inflation especially food production,” she told state house correspondents at the end of the federal executive council (FEC) on Wednesday, November 18.

    In 2019, Hameed Ali, the comptroller-general of the Nigeria Customs Service had urged the federal government to reduce the levy paid on imported cars to 10 percent.

    At the time, Ali argued that the levy, which is paid in addition to the 35 percent import duty, has discouraged importers; causing them to divert their importation to neighbouring countries and heightened smuggling.

  • Food price hike, others push inflation to 14.23% —NBS

    Food price hike, others push inflation to 14.23% —NBS

    The hike in food prices and other individual consumption across the country further increased the rate of inflation in Nigeria to 14.23 per cent in October 2020.

    Figures released by the National Bureau of Statistics on Monday showed that the country’s inflation increased again in October, moving up by 0.52 per cent when compared to what was recorded in the preceding month.

    The bureau said, “The Consumer Price Index, which measures inflation increased by 14.23 per cent (year-on-year) in October 2020.

    “This is 0.52 per cent points higher than the rate recorded in September 2020 (13.71 per cent).”

    It was observed that increases were recorded in all Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose divisions that yielded the headline index.

    On a month-on-month basis, the headline index increased by 1.54 per cent in October 2020, representing 0.06 per cent rate higher than the rate recorded in September 2020 (1.48 per cent).

    The percentage change in the average composite CPI for the 12 months period ending October 2020 over the average of the CPI for the previous 12 months period was 12.66 per cent.

    This showed a 0.22 per cent point rise from 12.44 per cent recorded in September 2020.

    The urban inflation rate increased by 14.81 per cent (year-on-year) in October 2020 from 14.31 per cent recorded in September 2020.

    Rural inflation rate on the other hand, increased by 13.68 per cent in October 2020 from 13.14 per cent in September 2020.

    On a month-on-month basis, the urban index rose by 1.6 per cent in October 2020, up by 0.04 from 1.56 per cent recorded in September 2020.

    The rural index also rose by 1.48 per cent in October 2020, up by 0.08 from the rate recorded in September 2020 (1.40 per cent).

    The corresponding 12-month year-on-year average percentage change for the urban index was 13.29 per cent in October 2020.

    This was higher than 13.07 per cent reported in September 2020, while the corresponding rural inflation rate in October 2020 was 12.09 per cent compared to 11.86 per cent recorded in September 2020.

  • Nigerian lawyer sues CBN over Arabic inscriptions on currency

    Nigerian lawyer sues CBN over Arabic inscriptions on currency

    A court in Nigeria’s commercial city of Lagos is due to hear a case filed by a lawyer against the Central Bank of Nigeria to demand the removal of Arabic inscriptions in the local currency.

    Malcolm Omirhobo also wants the Nigerian army to remove the inscription from its military logo saying it portrays Nigeria as an Islamic state, contrary to the country’s constitutional status of a secular state.

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    The lawyer wants the Arabic inscriptions replaced with either English or any of Nigeria’s three main local languages – Hausa, Yoruba, or Igbo.

    However, the central bank denied the inscriptions were a symbol or mark of Islam. Many in the country, especially in the north, speak Arabic. English though is the nation’s main language.

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  • How 39 major businesses use Instagram stories

    How 39 major businesses use Instagram stories

    The main thing that you have to remember on this journey is just be nice to everyone and always smile. Refreshingly, what was expected of her was the same thing that was expected of Lara Stone: to take a beautiful picture.

    We woke reasonably late following the feast and free flowing wine the night before. After gathering ourselves and our packs, we headed down to our homestay family’s small dining room for breakfast, where we enjoyed scrambled eggs, toast, mekitsi (fried dough), local jam and peppermint tea.

     We were making our way to the Rila Mountains, where we were visiting the Rila Monastery.

    We wandered the site with busloads of other tourists, yet strangely the place did not seem crowded. I’m not sure if it was the sheer size of the place, or whether the masses congregated in one area and didn’t venture far from the main church, but I didn’t feel overwhelmed by tourists in the monastery.

    Headed over Lions Bridge and made our way to the Sofia Synagogue, then sheltered in the Central Market Hall until the recurrent (but short-lived) mid-afternoon rain passed.

    Feeling refreshed after an espresso, we walked a short distance to the small but welcoming Banya Bashi Mosque, then descended into the ancient Serdica complex.

    We were exhausted after a long day of travel, so we headed back to the hotel and crashed. I had low expectations about Sofia as a city, but after the walking tour I absolutely loved the place. This was an easy city to navigate, and it was a beautiful city despite its ugly, staunch and stolid communist-built surrounds. Sofia has a very average facade as you enter the city, but once you lose yourself in the old town area, everything changes.

    If You Have It, You Can Make Anything Look Good

    Clothes can transform your mood and confidence. Fashion moves so quickly that, unless you have a strong point of view, you can lose integrity. I like to be real. I don’t like things to be staged or fussy. I think I’d go mad if I didn’t have a place to escape to. You have to stay true to your heritage, that’s what your brand is about.