By Milcah Tanimu
The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) has classified the risk of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection in Nigeria as moderate, according to an official statement. The NCDC, in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Health, is closely monitoring developments both locally and globally.
What is HMPV?
First identified in the Netherlands in 2001, HMPV is an RNA virus that causes symptoms resembling the common cold and influenza, such as cough, fever, nasal congestion, and fatigue. It has an incubation period of 3 to 6 days and can lead to severe complications like pneumonia, especially in infants, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems. The virus spreads through respiratory droplets or contaminated surfaces.
Global Developments and Risk Assessment
HMPV is currently causing an outbreak in China, with India also reporting cases. The NCDC’s advisory indicates that surveillance data from January 6, 2025, shows no significant increase in respiratory infections, including those caused by HMPV, within Nigeria. However, the NCDC has taken proactive measures to strengthen the country’s response to the virus.
Collaborative Efforts and Preparedness
In partnership with global health organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO), the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USCDC), and the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), the NCDC has conducted a dynamic risk assessment, classifying the risk for Nigeria as moderate.
The NCDC is also working with port health authorities to ensure readiness at international entry points. Quarantine facilities are being prepared to manage suspected or confirmed cases if necessary, and Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures are being deployed at these locations.
Surveillance and Testing Expansion
To enhance preparedness, the NCDC is expanding surveillance efforts. The National Influenza Sentinel Surveillance (NISS) network, which monitors Influenza-like Illness (ILI) and Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI), will now also test for HMPV. The agency is providing additional support to laboratories in states with international airports to increase testing capacity for the virus.
The NCDC continues to work with health authorities to ensure proper hygiene protocols and public awareness through information materials for both travelers and frontline staff.
