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From Revolution to Rejuvenation: 105 Years of the Communist Party of China and Lessons for Africa

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By Prof Mukhtar Imam

In the annals of modern history, few political organizations have transformed a nation as profoundly as the Communist Party of China (CPC). As the Party marks 105 years since its founding in 1921, the occasion offers more than a celebration of longevity; it invites reflection on one of the most remarkable national transformations the world has ever witnessed. From a war-ravaged, impoverished, semi-colonial society to the world’s second-largest economy and a leading technological, industrial, and geopolitical power, China’s rise under the leadership of the CPC stands as one of the defining stories of the twenty-first century. The scale, speed, and sustainability of China’s transformation are without historical precedent. No country in recorded history has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty, built world-class infrastructure across a continental-sized nation, emerged as a manufacturing powerhouse, and become a major force in global governance within such a relatively short period. The CPC’s 105-year journey is therefore not merely China’s story; it is a chapter in world history whose implications continue to shape the international order.

When thirteen delegates gathered in Shanghai in July 1921 to establish the Communist Party of China, few could have predicted the magnitude of what would follow. China at the time was a fragmented nation suffering from foreign domination, internal strife, economic backwardness, and political instability. The newly founded Party had fewer than sixty members and faced formidable challenges. The decades that followed were marked by struggle, sacrifice, and revolution. The Party survived political persecution, civil war, and foreign invasion, most notably during China’s resistance against Japanese aggression. In 1949, under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the CPC led the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, bringing an end to a century of humiliation and national fragmentation. The creation of the People’s Republic laid the foundation for national sovereignty, territorial integrity, and state-building. Yet China remained economically poor and technologically underdeveloped. The greatest chapter of China’s transformation was still to come.

Reform and Opening-Up: The Turning Point

The watershed moment arrived in 1978 when China embarked on the policy of Reform and Opening-Up under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping. Recognizing that economic modernization was essential to national rejuvenation, the CPC introduced market-oriented reforms while maintaining political stability and strategic state guidance. The results were extraordinary. Over the following four decades, China achieved economic growth on a scale never before witnessed. Entire cities emerged from farmland. Special Economic Zones attracted foreign investment. Manufacturing capacity expanded exponentially. China integrated into global trade networks and eventually became the world’s factory. Perhaps the most remarkable achievement was poverty alleviation. According to international development institutions, China succeeded in lifting more than 800 million people out of extreme poverty—a contribution accounting for the majority of global poverty reduction during the period. This accomplishment alone would place China’s development experience among the greatest achievements in human history. The transformation was visible everywhere: modern highways stretching thousands of kilometers, high-speed rail networks connecting distant provinces, ports handling massive volumes of global trade, and urban centers becoming hubs of innovation and entrepreneurship.

The Rise of a Technological Powerhouse

China’s rise has not been confined to manufacturing and infrastructure. Under the CPC’s long-term development strategy, the country has steadily moved up the value chain, becoming a leader in science, technology, and innovation. Today, China is at the forefront of artificial intelligence, quantum computing, telecommunications, renewable energy, electric vehicles, e-commerce, and digital finance. Chinese companies compete globally in sectors once dominated exclusively by Western firms. The country’s space program offers another striking example. From launching its first satellite in 1970 to operating its own space station and conducting ambitious lunar exploration missions, China has demonstrated capabilities that place it among the world’s leading space powers. These achievements reflect a governance model that combines strategic planning, substantial investment in research and development, and the mobilization of national resources toward long-term objectives.

A New Model of Development

One of the most debated aspects of China’s rise is the development model that underpins it. For decades, conventional wisdom suggested that modernization required adopting Western political and economic institutions wholesale. China’s experience challenged this assumption. Instead, the CPC pursued what it describes as “socialism with Chinese characteristics”—a model that combines market mechanisms with strong state coordination, long-term planning, and political continuity. While opinions differ regarding the transferability of this model, few dispute its effectiveness in delivering economic growth and developmental outcomes within the Chinese context. The Party’s ability to formulate and pursue long-range national strategies stands out as one of its distinguishing characteristics. Initiatives such as the Five-Year Plans, the Made in China strategy, rural revitalization programs, ecological modernization efforts, and technological self-reliance initiatives demonstrate a governance approach focused on continuity and strategic execution.

China’s Global Footprint

As China’s economic strength expanded, so too did its international influence. Today, China is a major trading partner for more than 140 countries and regions. It plays a central role in global supply chains and contributes significantly to international economic growth. The Belt and Road Initiative has become one of the most ambitious infrastructure and connectivity projects in modern history, linking Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America through investments in transportation, energy, and digital infrastructure. For developing nations, particularly in Africa, China’s rise offers both opportunities and lessons. Chinese investments have contributed to roads, railways, ports, industrial parks, and energy projects across the continent. Beyond infrastructure, China’s development trajectory has encouraged many countries to reconsider assumptions about modernization, industrialization, and state capacity. The relationship between China and Africa has become increasingly strategic. African leaders often point to China’s experience as evidence that rapid development is achievable through focused leadership, infrastructure investment, human capital development, and long-term planning.

The Uncommon Nature of China’s Transformation

What makes China’s rise truly exceptional is not simply the magnitude of its achievements but their timing and scale. Historically, great powers emerged over centuries. Britain’s rise unfolded across the Industrial Revolution and the expansion of its empire. The United States became a global superpower through a process spanning more than a century. China’s ascent, by contrast, has occurred largely within a single generation. Within less than fifty years, China transformed from a predominantly agrarian society into an advanced industrial and technological power. The speed of this transition is unparalleled. Besides, China’s rise occurred despite significant obstacles: vast population pressures, regional disparities, external geopolitical challenges, global financial crises, and periodic economic disruptions. Yet the country maintained developmental momentum while continuously adapting its policies to changing domestic and international realities. This capacity for adaptation may be one of the CPC’s most important strengths. Over 105 years, the Party has demonstrated a remarkable ability to evolve—from revolutionary movement to governing party, from central planner to market reformer, and from national liberation force to steward of a modern global power.

Lessons for the Developing World

The CPC’s 105-year journey offers valuable lessons for developing countries seeking economic transformation. First, national development requires strategic vision that extends beyond electoral cycles and short-term political considerations. Second, infrastructure matters. Roads, railways, power generation, ports, and digital connectivity are not luxuries; they are prerequisites for industrialization and competitiveness. Third, investment in education, technology, and human capital is indispensable for long-term growth. Fourth, state capacity remains crucial. Effective institutions capable of implementing policies consistently are often the difference between aspiration and achievement. Finally, development is not accidental. It requires disciplined leadership, coherent planning, and sustained commitment over decades.

Looking Ahead

As the Communist Party of China enters its second century, it faces new challenges. Economic restructuring, demographic shifts, technological competition, environmental sustainability, and complex geopolitical dynamics will test the Party’s governance capabilities. Yet regardless of future uncertainties, one fact remains undeniable: the CPC has overseen one of the most extraordinary national transformations in human history. From the small gathering of revolutionaries in Shanghai in 1921 to leading a nation that now stands at the center of global affairs, the Party’s 105-year journey represents a story of resilience, adaptation, and ambition. Whether viewed through the lens of economics, politics, development, or international relations, China’s rise under the CPC remains one of the defining phenomena of the modern era. The significance of this achievement extends far beyond China’s borders. It challenges established assumptions, reshapes global power dynamics, and offers a powerful reminder that nations can dramatically alter their destinies through vision, discipline, and sustained effort. As the world reflects on the CPC’s 105 years of existence, it is not merely commemorating the longevity of a political party. It is acknowledging the architect of one of the greatest transformations ever witnessed in the history of nations.

Professor Imam is a senior research fellow at the Nigeria National institute of Security Studies, Abuja, Nigeria 

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APC URGED TO UPHOLD AND RESTORE DANKAKA’S SENATORIAL CANDIDACY FOR KWARA SOUTH

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The Arewa Women for Quality Representation and Good Governance (AWQRGG), an advocacy organisation committed to women’s emancipation, quality representation, the implementation of the 35% Affirmative Action for women in governance, and the promotion of good governance in Nigeria, has joined the growing calls for the All Progressives Congress (APC) to uphold and restore the senatorial candidacy of Hajiya Muheebat Dankaka, who emerged victorious in the recently concluded APC Senatorial Primary Election for Kwara South.

According to the group, Hajiya Dankaka secured an overwhelming victory over all other aspirants through a transparent and credible electoral process, driven by her widespread grassroots acceptance and the overwhelming support of women, youths, traditional institutions, party faithful, and other critical stakeholders across Kwara South and the state at large.

In a press statement jointly signed in Kaduna by the National Coordinator, Barr. Laraba Danjuma, and the General Secretary, Hajiya Bilikisu Muhammadu, the organisation strongly condemned what it described as the unjust marginalisation, victimisation, and unfair treatment of Hajiya Dankaka following her well-deserved victory at the party’s primary election.

The group called on President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, the National Working Committee (NWC) of the APC, and the leadership of the National Assembly to safeguard the integrity of the party’s democratic processes by ensuring that justice, equity, fairness, and inclusiveness prevail. It stressed that denying Hajiya Dankaka the mandate freely given to her by party members would not only undermine internal democracy but also discourage millions of women across Northern Nigeria and the country from actively participating in politics.

According to the statement, withholding her name from the final list of candidates would run contrary to President Tinubu’s Renewed Hope Agenda, which promotes inclusion, equal opportunity, and gender equity in governance. It would also contradict the APC’s long-standing commitment to the implementation of the 35% Affirmative Action for women.

The organisation maintained that the mandate was freely and democratically bestowed upon Hajiya Dankaka by APC delegates in Kwara South through a transparent, free, and credible electoral process. It noted that her victory reflected the confidence reposed in her by party members who recognised her competence, integrity, capacity, leadership qualities, and unwavering commitment to public service and humanity.

The statement further emphasised that the outcome of the APC Senatorial Primary Election in Kwara South should be respected and upheld by all relevant stakeholders. It noted that party members exercised their democratic rights peacefully, votes were duly cast and counted, and Hajiya Muheebat Dankaka emerged as the clear winner by every democratic standard. Consequently, the group insisted that her victory deserves to be affirmed, protected, and respected.

The organisation stated that the matter extends beyond one individual, describing it as a critical test of the credibility of the APC’s internal democratic process and the confidence that party members place in the electoral system. It noted that every primary election represents a sacred covenant between a political party and its members, whose votes must be respected.

The group described any attempt to disregard or overturn the outcome of the primary election as unjust, undemocratic, and a violation of the fundamental rights of Hajiya Dankaka and the wishes of the delegates who freely elected her.

It further observed that Hajiya Dankaka’s victory represents a historic milestone for women’s political participation in Northern Nigeria. For decades, women in the region have continued to face enormous cultural, political, and institutional barriers despite their enormous contributions to national development.

The organisation noted that Hajiya Dankaka is reportedly the only woman to have emerged victorious in an APC Senatorial Primary Election across the nineteen Northern states. As such, her emergence is not merely a personal achievement but a powerful symbol of hope, inclusion, women’s empowerment, and the gradual dismantling of long-standing barriers against female political participation.

Speaking further, the National Coordinator, Barr. Laraba Danjuma, stated:

«”For decades, women in Northern Nigeria have remained grossly underrepresented in elective offices despite their remarkable contributions to national development. They have excelled in every sphere of human endeavour, yet their political representation has remained disproportionately low because of cultural stereotypes, financial limitations, and political structures that often make elective offices difficult for women to attain.»

«Hajiya Muheebat Dankaka has broken through these barriers by participating in a democratic process, earning the confidence of party members and the electorate. Such a victory should not only be celebrated but vigorously protected. Allowing injustice to prevail at this stage would send the wrong signal to millions of capable women who aspire to contribute meaningfully to Nigeria’s democratic development.”»

The organisation also appealed to President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, the First Lady, Senator Oluremi Tinubu, and the leadership of the APC to intervene by ensuring that justice is done. It stated that the Renewed Hope Agenda places significant emphasis on inclusiveness, equal opportunities, and broader participation in governance irrespective of gender, ethnicity, religion, or social background.

According to the group, every Nigerian should have the opportunity to aspire to elective office and be judged solely on merit and the outcome of a transparent democratic process rather than prejudice or discrimination.

The statement concluded that affirming Hajiya Dankaka’s mandate would send a powerful message that internal democracy remains sacrosanct within the APC. It would also reassure Nigerian women that politics is open to all qualified citizens and that electoral victories secured through transparent, free, and credible processes will always be respected regardless of gender.

The group therefore appealed to President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, the First Lady, the APC National Chairman, members of the National Working Committee, and all relevant stakeholders to ensure that Hajiya Muheebat Dankaka’s mandate is upheld and that her name is restored to the party’s final list of candidates for submission to the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC).

Finally, the organisation called on all people of goodwill, women’s organisations, youth groups, civil society organisations, non-governmental organisations, the media, and all advocates of democracy and justice to lend their voices to this cause by supporting the call for the restoration and protection of Hajiya Muheebat Dankaka’s democratic mandate.

The group maintained that protecting her victory is not only about one individual but about preserving the sanctity of democracy, strengthening internal party democracy, promoting gender inclusion, and ensuring that the will of the people remains supreme.

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Uba Sani Picks Jerry Adams as Running Mate for 2027 Kaduna Governorship Election

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By Abigail David

Kaduna State Governor Uba Sani has nominated the Executive Chairman of the Kaduna State Internal Revenue Service (KADIRS), Jerry Adams, as his running mate for the 2027 governorship election.

The governor announced the nomination in a post on his official X account, saying the decision followed extensive consultations, careful reflection and prayers.

According to Sani, the choice of Adams reflects his administration’s commitment to inclusion, fairness, justice and equitable representation across Kaduna State.

He described the nomination as more than the selection of a deputy governorship candidate, saying it reinforces the values that have guided his administration since assuming office in May 2023.

Governor Sani said Adams was selected based on his record of competence, integrity and dedication to public service.

He praised the KADIRS chairman for leading reforms that strengthened the state’s internally generated revenue through improved tax administration, transparency and institutional development.

The governor noted that the revenue reforms have enhanced the government’s ability to invest in critical sectors such as education, healthcare, infrastructure and agriculture.

Sani added that the nomination aligns with his vision of building a more united, peaceful and prosperous Kaduna State where leadership is driven by merit, competence and character.

Adams, a respected tax administrator and public finance professional, is widely recognised for his contributions to fiscal reforms and institutional development in Kaduna State.

The announcement comes as political parties continue preparations for the 2027 general elections, with further details on the APC governorship ticket expected in the coming months.

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Tinubu Says He Will Contest 2027 Election ‘to the Finish’

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By Abigail David

President Bola Tinubu says he is prepared to defend his mandate ahead of the 2027 general election, declaring that he will not back down from political competition.

The President made the remarks on Tuesday while receiving members of the Catholic Bishops Conference of Nigeria at the Presidential Villa in Abuja.

Speaking on the upcoming election, Tinubu said political opponents were free to challenge him but stressed that he would contest to the very end within the rules of democracy.

“Those who want to take it from me will try. Politics is a contest, and everyone has an equal opportunity. I will not give up without a fight,” he said.

Tinubu also defended the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), describing the electoral body as neutral and dismissing allegations of bias raised by some political opponents.

On his administration’s performance, the President said reforms introduced over the past three years were beginning to produce results. He cited the uninterrupted academic calendar in public universities as one of the achievements, noting that the absence of prolonged strikes by the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) had benefited students and their families.

Tinubu acknowledged that his administration inherited significant economic challenges but maintained that the economy had stabilised and that improvements in living conditions were beginning to emerge.

Addressing the issue of mission schools, the President said decisions on returning schools to their original owners rest with state governments rather than the Federal Government. He encouraged the Catholic bishops to engage governors on the matter.

He also called for national unity, urging Nigerians to work together to overcome security and economic challenges while building a more stable and prosperous country for future generations.

The Catholic Bishops Conference of Nigeria delegation, led by Archbishop Matthew Man-Oso Ndagoso, concluded the visit after meeting with the President at the Presidential Villa.

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