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CBN Bets on Rules to Stabilise FX Market

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The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has rolled out a revised Foreign Exchange Manual in a renewed effort to bring stability, transparency, and predictability to the country’s foreign exchange market, which has long been marked by volatility and policy uncertainty.

The updated manual, which became effective on June 1, 2026, represents the fourth edition of the framework and replaces the 2018 version. It comes after years of significant economic shocks, including the COVID-19 pandemic, oil price fluctuations, and multiple exchange rate reforms that exposed gaps in the existing regulatory structure.

For years, Nigeria’s FX market has been shaped by uncertainty, with importers facing delays and documentation hurdles, exporters questioning repatriation processes, and investors expressing concern over inconsistent policies. The banking sector has also had to navigate shifting directives and market stress.

Push for Transparency and Market Discipline

At the launch of the manual, CBN Governor Olayemi Cardoso said the reform was aimed at strengthening transparency and restoring confidence in the market.

“Foreign exchange is more than a financial instrument; it is a critical enabler in any open economy,” Cardoso said, adding that the updated framework was necessary to reflect current economic realities and improve market efficiency.

CBN Deputy Governor, Economic Policy Directorate, Dr Muhammad Abdullahi, explained that the review was part of a broader reform agenda initiated under the current administration to improve liquidity, transparency, and trust in the FX market.

He noted that “a modern FX market cannot thrive in an environment characterised by opacity, fragmentation, delays, uncertainty, or excessive administrative bottlenecks,” stressing the need for consistent rules and stronger enforcement.

Key Changes in the Manual

The revised manual introduces several operational adjustments aimed at reducing bottlenecks and improving efficiency in FX transactions.

One of the major changes is the harmonisation of Personal Travel Allowance (PTA) and Business Travel Allowance (BTA) processes, with 75 per cent of transactions now to be processed electronically, while 25 per cent may still be disbursed in cash.

Import advance payments have also been increased from 15 per cent to 30 per cent, giving businesses more flexibility in dealing with foreign suppliers.

In addition, processing of Form NXP for export documentation will now be free, while new provisions have been introduced for service exports, technology-related remittances, and regional payment systems.

The manual also introduces Non-Resident Investment Accounts and Non-Resident Ordinary Accounts, and allows full repatriation of export proceeds for foreign companies in the extractive sector.

A notable relief for individuals is the removal of the mandatory Form A requirement for certain remittances through domiciliary accounts, although banks will still verify transaction legitimacy.

The framework also permits tuition payments abroad of up to $25,000 per semester and allows controlled transfers between different types of domiciliary accounts.

Banks and Market Operators Back Reform

Commercial banks have welcomed the new guidelines, describing them as a step toward restoring discipline and clarity in the FX market.

Group Managing Director of United Bank for Africa, Mr Oliver Alawuba, said the reforms reflect a clearer policy direction anchored on transparency and credible price discovery.

He noted that market behaviour has already begun to shift, with banks now seeing increased inflows through official channels compared to previous years.

Group Managing Director of Access Holdings, Mr Roosevelt Ogbonna, also said the revised manual would help eliminate ambiguity and strengthen discipline among market participants.

According to him, earlier FX reforms struggled because they lacked strong foundational rules, but the current approach is building “from the ground up” with clearer codes of conduct.

Beyond Regulation: The Bigger Challenge

While the revised manual introduces clearer rules and tighter compliance structures, analysts note that regulation alone cannot stabilise the FX market.

Sustainable stability will depend on broader economic fundamentals, including export earnings, oil production levels, investor confidence, and fiscal discipline.

The Federal Government, through representatives at the launch, described the manual as part of wider macroeconomic reforms aimed at promoting stability and sustainable growth.

CBN officials also emphasised that the success of the framework will depend heavily on consistent implementation and cooperation across the financial system.

Outlook

Nigeria’s FX market has undergone several reform cycles over the years, often followed by periods of instability triggered by external shocks and policy shifts.

The revised Foreign Exchange Manual represents another attempt to build a more predictable and transparent system. However, its long-term success will depend not just on the rules themselves, but on how effectively they are enforced and sustained over time.

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NCC Says Telcos Compensate Over 75 Million Nigerians for Poor Network Service

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By Abigail David

The Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) says telecommunications operators have compensated more than 75 million subscribers for poor network service, marking one of the largest consumer redress initiatives in Africa’s telecom sector.

The disclosure was made in a communiqué issued after the commission’s 109th board meeting held on May 25, 2026. The compensation followed an NCC directive requiring mobile operators to automatically credit affected customers with airtime for service disruptions and substandard network performance.

According to the regulator, the compensation programme reflects significant progress in enforcing quality-of-service standards across the industry. The NCC, however, said it is independently verifying operators’ claims to ensure that all eligible subscribers receive the compensation due to them.

The commission also reviewed compliance by telecom infrastructure providers, including tower companies, directing them to fully implement network upgrade commitments funded through regulatory fines. It noted that while progress had been made, full compliance remained necessary to improve service quality sustainably.

The NCC identified infrastructure vandalism, growing data demand and limited fibre deployment as key challenges affecting the sector. It added that efforts to expand fibre networks and strengthen telecom infrastructure security are ongoing, including plans for a Communications Industry Security Trust Fund.

Nigeria’s telecom industry invested about N2.13 trillion in network infrastructure in 2025, with operators projecting an additional N1.86 trillion investment in 2026 to expand coverage and improve service delivery.

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Consumers Can Sell Excess Solar Power to Discos Under New NERC Regulation

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By Abigail David

The Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC) has commenced implementation of the Net Billing Regulations 2026, a policy that allows eligible electricity consumers with renewable energy systems to sell surplus power generated from their installations to electricity distribution companies (Discos).

The new framework is designed to encourage the adoption of renewable energy, attract private investment in power generation, and increase electricity supply through distributed generation.

In a public notice issued on Wednesday, NERC said the regulation enables eligible customers, referred to as “prosumers,” to generate electricity for their own consumption and export excess energy to the distribution network under a net billing arrangement.

According to the commission, participants must operate renewable energy systems with installed capacities ranging from 50 kilowatt peak (kWp) to 1.5 megawatt peak (MWp), making the scheme primarily suitable for medium- and large-scale consumers.

Under the arrangement, electricity generated from solar installations will first be used by the customer. Any excess power can then be supplied to the distribution network through bidirectional meters that record both imported and exported electricity.

NERC stated that exported energy will be credited based on tariffs approved by the commission, creating an opportunity for businesses and institutions with large solar installations to earn revenue from unused electricity.

The commission said the initiative aims to promote renewable energy adoption, improve energy security, encourage private sector participation in power generation, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and support the integration of renewable energy into distribution networks.

Experts believe the scheme could benefit factories, universities, hospitals, shopping malls, telecommunications facilities, industrial estates, and other large organisations that often generate surplus solar power during periods of low demand.

To participate, customers must be connected to a Disco’s network, meet technical and regulatory requirements, obtain approval from their distribution company, sign a net billing agreement, and register with NERC.

Applicants will also undergo a technical feasibility assessment before approval. Successful participants will be provided with bidirectional metering infrastructure required for the programme.

The regulation comes as households and businesses increasingly turn to alternative energy sources amid persistent challenges in Nigeria’s electricity sector, including inadequate generation, transmission bottlenecks, and distribution constraints.

NERC said the framework is expected to unlock private investment in renewable energy while supporting Nigeria’s broader energy transition objectives.

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CBN bets on new FX rules to deepen market stability, transparency

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By Abigail David

The Central Bank of Nigeria has unveiled the fourth edition of its Foreign Exchange Manual, introducing new rules aimed at improving transparency, strengthening compliance and enhancing efficiency in Nigeria’s foreign exchange market.

The revised manual, which took effect on June 1, marks the first comprehensive update since 2018 and forms part of the apex bank’s broader reform agenda to restore confidence and deepen liquidity in the foreign exchange market.

Speaking at the launch, CBN Governor, Olayemi Cardoso, said the review became necessary due to significant changes in global and domestic economic conditions over the past decade.

According to him, foreign exchange remains a critical driver of price stability, trade, capital flows and investor confidence, making a modern regulatory framework essential for market efficiency.

Cardoso noted that ongoing reforms in the foreign exchange market required a more coherent and forward-looking framework capable of addressing emerging realities.

The Deputy Governor in charge of Economic Policy, Muhammad Abdullahi, described the manual as part of a wider strategy initiated by the current leadership of the apex bank to improve transparency, strengthen market discipline and encourage participation through official channels.

Among the key changes introduced are the harmonisation of Personal Travel Allowance and Business Travel Allowance transactions with revised Bureau de Change guidelines, with 75 per cent of such transactions now to be processed electronically and only 25 per cent allowed in cash.

The manual also increases allowable advance payments for imports from 15 per cent to 30 per cent, a move expected to provide businesses with greater flexibility in settling transactions with foreign suppliers.

To encourage exports, the CBN has removed charges associated with processing Form NXP and introduced new provisions covering service exports, technology-sector remittances and transactions under the Pan-African Payment and Settlement System.

Other reforms include the introduction of Non-Resident Investment Accounts and Non-Resident Ordinary Accounts, as well as approval for foreign companies in the extractive sector to repatriate 100 per cent of export proceeds.

The apex bank also removed the mandatory Form A requirement for remittances through ordinary domiciliary accounts, although authorised dealer banks will continue to verify the legitimacy of transactions.

In addition, the revised guidelines permit tuition fee payments of up to $25,000 per semester for Nigerian students studying abroad and allow transfers between export proceeds domiciliary accounts and ordinary domiciliary accounts under specified conditions.

Commercial banks welcomed the reforms, describing them as a continuation of efforts to build a transparent and rules-based foreign exchange market.

Group Managing Director of United Bank for Africa, Oliver Alawuba, said the revised manual would reinforce transparency, ethical conduct, stronger documentation and improved oversight within the market.

Similarly, Group Managing Director of Access Holdings Plc, Roosevelt Ogbonna, said the framework would reduce ambiguity and promote market discipline among participants.

Representing the Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister of the Economy, Taiwo Oyedele, Permanent Secretary for Special Duties, Mohammed Danjuma, described the manual as an important component of Nigeria’s economic reform agenda aimed at promoting macroeconomic stability and sustainable growth.

Analysts say the success of the revised framework will depend largely on consistent implementation, effective enforcement and sustained policy stability across the financial system.

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