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CBN Bets on Rules to Stabilise FX Market

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The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has rolled out a revised Foreign Exchange Manual in a renewed effort to bring stability, transparency, and predictability to the country’s foreign exchange market, which has long been marked by volatility and policy uncertainty.

The updated manual, which became effective on June 1, 2026, represents the fourth edition of the framework and replaces the 2018 version. It comes after years of significant economic shocks, including the COVID-19 pandemic, oil price fluctuations, and multiple exchange rate reforms that exposed gaps in the existing regulatory structure.

For years, Nigeria’s FX market has been shaped by uncertainty, with importers facing delays and documentation hurdles, exporters questioning repatriation processes, and investors expressing concern over inconsistent policies. The banking sector has also had to navigate shifting directives and market stress.

Push for Transparency and Market Discipline

At the launch of the manual, CBN Governor Olayemi Cardoso said the reform was aimed at strengthening transparency and restoring confidence in the market.

“Foreign exchange is more than a financial instrument; it is a critical enabler in any open economy,” Cardoso said, adding that the updated framework was necessary to reflect current economic realities and improve market efficiency.

CBN Deputy Governor, Economic Policy Directorate, Dr Muhammad Abdullahi, explained that the review was part of a broader reform agenda initiated under the current administration to improve liquidity, transparency, and trust in the FX market.

He noted that “a modern FX market cannot thrive in an environment characterised by opacity, fragmentation, delays, uncertainty, or excessive administrative bottlenecks,” stressing the need for consistent rules and stronger enforcement.

Key Changes in the Manual

The revised manual introduces several operational adjustments aimed at reducing bottlenecks and improving efficiency in FX transactions.

One of the major changes is the harmonisation of Personal Travel Allowance (PTA) and Business Travel Allowance (BTA) processes, with 75 per cent of transactions now to be processed electronically, while 25 per cent may still be disbursed in cash.

Import advance payments have also been increased from 15 per cent to 30 per cent, giving businesses more flexibility in dealing with foreign suppliers.

In addition, processing of Form NXP for export documentation will now be free, while new provisions have been introduced for service exports, technology-related remittances, and regional payment systems.

The manual also introduces Non-Resident Investment Accounts and Non-Resident Ordinary Accounts, and allows full repatriation of export proceeds for foreign companies in the extractive sector.

A notable relief for individuals is the removal of the mandatory Form A requirement for certain remittances through domiciliary accounts, although banks will still verify transaction legitimacy.

The framework also permits tuition payments abroad of up to $25,000 per semester and allows controlled transfers between different types of domiciliary accounts.

Banks and Market Operators Back Reform

Commercial banks have welcomed the new guidelines, describing them as a step toward restoring discipline and clarity in the FX market.

Group Managing Director of United Bank for Africa, Mr Oliver Alawuba, said the reforms reflect a clearer policy direction anchored on transparency and credible price discovery.

He noted that market behaviour has already begun to shift, with banks now seeing increased inflows through official channels compared to previous years.

Group Managing Director of Access Holdings, Mr Roosevelt Ogbonna, also said the revised manual would help eliminate ambiguity and strengthen discipline among market participants.

According to him, earlier FX reforms struggled because they lacked strong foundational rules, but the current approach is building “from the ground up” with clearer codes of conduct.

Beyond Regulation: The Bigger Challenge

While the revised manual introduces clearer rules and tighter compliance structures, analysts note that regulation alone cannot stabilise the FX market.

Sustainable stability will depend on broader economic fundamentals, including export earnings, oil production levels, investor confidence, and fiscal discipline.

The Federal Government, through representatives at the launch, described the manual as part of wider macroeconomic reforms aimed at promoting stability and sustainable growth.

CBN officials also emphasised that the success of the framework will depend heavily on consistent implementation and cooperation across the financial system.

Outlook

Nigeria’s FX market has undergone several reform cycles over the years, often followed by periods of instability triggered by external shocks and policy shifts.

The revised Foreign Exchange Manual represents another attempt to build a more predictable and transparent system. However, its long-term success will depend not just on the rules themselves, but on how effectively they are enforced and sustained over time.

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Dangote Refinery Cuts Petrol Gantry Price by N75 Per Litre

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By Abigail David

Dangote Petroleum Refinery has reduced the gantry price of Premium Motor Spirit (PMS), commonly known as petrol, by N75 per litre, citing easing tensions in the Middle East and declining global energy prices.

In a circular issued to fuel marketers on Monday, the refinery announced that the new gantry price had been lowered from N1,250 to N1,175 per litre, while the coastal price per metric tonne was reduced from N1,595,790 to N1,495,215.

The refinery said the revised prices would take effect from midnight and that all outstanding unloaded gantry volumes would be repriced accordingly.

According to the company, the adjustment followed the de-escalation of geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, which had driven up crude oil and fuel prices over the past three months.

“We have reviewed our premium motor spirit gantry and coastal prices following the de-escalation of tensions in the Middle East, which has impacted energy prices,” the refinery stated.

Market data from Petroleumprice.ng indicated that Dangote Refinery’s petrol is now among the cheapest available to marketers, with many outlets previously selling the product at around N1,240 per litre.

The price cut comes as global oil prices decline amid reports of a ceasefire agreement and renewed diplomatic efforts between the United States and Iran, raising hopes for the full reopening of the Strait of Hormuz, a critical global oil shipping route.

Crude oil prices had surged during months of regional tensions, pushing domestic fuel prices higher. In Nigeria, petrol prices climbed from about N830 per litre to around N1,300 per litre, while diesel and aviation fuel also recorded significant increases.

With crude prices retreating, industry observers expect further reductions in domestic fuel prices, although refinery officials have noted that existing stocks of higher-priced crude could moderate the pace of future price cuts.

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Ultimate Health Pushes Affordable Insurance for Nigeria’s Informal Sector

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By Abigail David

Ultimate Health Management Services has intensified efforts to expand affordable health insurance coverage for Nigeria’s largely uninsured informal sector through strategic partnerships and awareness campaigns.

The initiative was highlighted during a meeting in Lagos with a delegation from the Chartered Institute of Directors (CIoD) Nigeria, led by Assistant Director Adekemi Parker, where both organisations explored collaboration to improve health insurance penetration and governance standards in the sector.

At the centre of the initiative is a new health insurance package designed for artisans, traders, transport operators, ICT professionals and small business owners. According to Ultimate Health Managing Director, Lekan Ewenla, the scheme costs N38,000 annually per enrollee and is structured to provide accessible healthcare for workers outside the formal employment sector.

Ewenla said the programme aims to reduce the heavy reliance on out-of-pocket medical expenses, noting that inadequate awareness and limited access to information remain major barriers to health insurance adoption in Nigeria.

He added that the company is working with organised informal sector groups and institutional partners to drive enrolment and improve access to timely healthcare services.

Official data from the 2025 State of Health of the Nation Report shows that health insurance coverage in Nigeria increased from 19.2 million people in 2024 to 21.7 million in 2025, representing about 13 per cent of the population.

CIoD said the collaboration aligns with its commitment to strengthening corporate governance and improving service delivery in critical sectors, including healthcare.

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NCC Says Telcos Compensate Over 75 Million Nigerians for Poor Network Service

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By Abigail David

The Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) says telecommunications operators have compensated more than 75 million subscribers for poor network service, marking one of the largest consumer redress initiatives in Africa’s telecom sector.

The disclosure was made in a communiqué issued after the commission’s 109th board meeting held on May 25, 2026. The compensation followed an NCC directive requiring mobile operators to automatically credit affected customers with airtime for service disruptions and substandard network performance.

According to the regulator, the compensation programme reflects significant progress in enforcing quality-of-service standards across the industry. The NCC, however, said it is independently verifying operators’ claims to ensure that all eligible subscribers receive the compensation due to them.

The commission also reviewed compliance by telecom infrastructure providers, including tower companies, directing them to fully implement network upgrade commitments funded through regulatory fines. It noted that while progress had been made, full compliance remained necessary to improve service quality sustainably.

The NCC identified infrastructure vandalism, growing data demand and limited fibre deployment as key challenges affecting the sector. It added that efforts to expand fibre networks and strengthen telecom infrastructure security are ongoing, including plans for a Communications Industry Security Trust Fund.

Nigeria’s telecom industry invested about N2.13 trillion in network infrastructure in 2025, with operators projecting an additional N1.86 trillion investment in 2026 to expand coverage and improve service delivery.

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